Non-governmental organizations, or NGOs, play an indispensable role in disaster response. As intermediaries between the people who need help and government agencies (which sometimes direct their activities), NGOs have the local knowledge, independence and adaptability that gets things done.

NGOs often mobilize to address immediate post-disaster needs, such as providing food, safe drinking water and shelter to victims. They are also the primary organizers of volunteers, which makes them an important manpower resource. Once the initial crisis has passed, NGOs are also active in recovery and rebuilding effort.

Many NGOs grow out of civic associations and faith-based groups. Others are organized specifically to respond to disasters. The American Red Cross, perhaps the best-known disaster NGO in the U.S., is chartered by Congress, has several board members appointed by the U.S. President, and has official responsibility for coordinating relief activities. Since Hurricane Katrina, the American Red Cross has been working closely with the business community through programs such as Be Red Cross Ready and Ready When the Time Comes to strengthen our nation's disaster preparedness.